Transfusion device

ABSTRACT

A blood transfusion device for infusion of blood into a human body and for simultaneous removal of blood therefrom is equipped with two pair of pumps and respective valves arranged in two distinct units whereby, while one unit is removing the blood from the body through a distinct removing conduit, the other is supplying the blood through a distinct infusion conduit, the arrangement being such that a direct connection is made between the body and the receiving vessel through the removing conduit and another direct connection is made between the container holding the infusion fluid and the body through the infusion conduit.

United States Patent [72] Inventor Werner Willgerodt Leipzig, Germany[21] Appl. No. 847,825 g [22] Filed July 31, 1969 [45] Patented Jan. 5,1971 [73] Assignee VE Medizintechnik Leipzig,

Lei zig, Germany Continuation of application Ser. No. 535,976, Mar. 21l96 6 n o w abandoned.

[54] TRANSFUSION DEVICE 2 Claims, 1 Drawing Fig.

[52] US. Cl .f. 128/214.2,

t 4l7/318,417/341 [51] Int. Cl A6lm 1/02 [50] Field ofSearch 128/213,214, 273, 230, 240, 276; 137/565; 103/170, 173, 227; 417/318, 341

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 343,827 6/1886 elcher103/170 996,697 7/1911 Bode 103/170 2/1915 l/1953 l/l953 2/1960 7/196312/1966 Primary ExaminerDalton L. Truluck Attorney Nolte & NolteABSTRACT: A blood transfusion device for infusion of blood into a humanbody and for simultaneous removal of blood therefrom is equipped withtwo pair of pumps and respective valves arranged in two distinct unitswhereby, while one unit is removing the blood from the body through adistinct removing conduit, the other is supplying the blood through adistinct infusion conduit, the arrangement being such that a directconnection is made between the body and the receiving vessel through theremoving conduit and another direct connection is made between thecontainer holding the infusion fluid and the body through the infusionconduit.

PATENTEU JAN 5197! INVENTOR. WERNER WILLGERODT TRANSFUSION DEVICE Thisapplication is a continuationof application Ser. No. 535,976 filed Mar.21, 1966, now abandoned.

The invention relates generally to a blood transfusion device and moreparticularly to a device for blood exchange treatment of newly borns whomay have decomposing substances, such as bilirubin, in their blood. Suchsubstances influence the blood negatively, therefore, in order toprevent debility, blood transfusion or complete exchange of the bloodmight be necessary.

v A blood transfusion or exchange device is known having a bluntcone-shaped housing with a cone member pivotable within a range of 360disposed in the center of the housing, with valves provided on theoutside of the housing. A syringe is mounted on the cone, with a lowerbore outlet thereof made to communicate with a desired valve whilerotating the lower .bore outlet to a position within its range.Respective valves lead to a catheter which isintroduced into the navelvein of the child, to a blood container, a waste container and to aliquid container. By means of the described syringe, blood is suckedfrom the blood container. After a pivotal movement, the lower boreoutlet is brought into its next position and blood will be passed ontothe child. In the same cone position, blood will be subsequently drawnfrom the child. After pivoting the'cone into its third position, thesick blood which was drawn from the child at the previous operating stepis passed into a waste container. The shortcoming of this device is thatafter each blood exchange all parts of the device have to be cleaned,such as the valves, etc., since they are disposed in the path of thebloodstream and thus, if not cleaned, an inadvertent infusion of thesick blood drawn from the child at the previous transfusion, may bepossible, due to a different selection of the cone position during asubsequent transfusion.

A further device is known which is adapted only for a singleutilization. Such device comprises two valve systems with connections tonavel'catheters, two syringes, a blood container and a waste container.One of the syringes sucks bloodfrom the blood container and presses itthrough the catheter into the navel vein through a valve. Thereafter,the second syringe draws blood from the navel vein through the catheterand a valve system.'After opening a valve of the system, the drawn bloodwill be passed into the waste container. The disadvantage of thelast-mentioned device is that due to the various manual valveadjustments and to the-manual operation of the syringes, the drawn sickblood'may be inadvertently returned into the child.

A further blood exchange device is known which essentially consists of afive-way valve to which a syringe is fixedly connected. A bloodcontainer, a catheter for introduction into the navel vein of the child,a waste container, a bottle and a pressure gauge are connected by meansof transfer devices to the individual openings of the valve. For settingof the individual position of the valve, a handle is provided on thevalve. The five-way valve is first adjusted to'draw blood from theconduit which leads from the blood container, whereupon blood is suckedtherefrom. After setting the five-way valve to the catheter positionthereof, blood is injected into the navel vein, and subsequently bloodis drawn from the childs body. Moreover, the five-way valve may be setto a further position for receiving a medicament which may also beintroduced into the catheter and into the navel vein of the child.

This device has also shortcomings, since all parts thereof have to becleaned after eachblood transfusion in order to prevent the posibilitythat the-decomposed blood will be in- ;an apparatus for infusing a fluidinto a human body while fused by a wrong adjustment of the five'wayvalve during a subsequent transfusion.

Moreover, all the above-mentioned known blood transfusion or exchangedevices have their common shortcomings in that they are only manuallyoperable, that the volume to be delivered blood cannot be varied perunit of time, that no constant, but only an intermittent bloodtransfusion is possible,

i.e. blood is alternately drawn and the same amount of blood isreplenished. Furthermore, breakdowns, such as clogging of the conduits,cannot be indicated .Thus, it is possible that by a wrong adjustment ofthe valves, the previously drawn blood may be inadvertently returnedinto the child s blood stream.

lt is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a bloodtransfusion device which maybe repeatedly used shortly after a previoustransfusion. v

It is another object of the invention to provide a semiautomatic bloodtransfusion device which is suitable for intermittent as well as forcontinuous infusion of blood and also for exchange-type bloodtransfusion.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a bloodtransfusion device which is capable of indicating cloggings and may beinstantly turned off upon occurrence of operational defects.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a blood transfusiondevice, wherein the delivery volume is variable per unit of time.

lt is still a further object of the invention to provide a bloodtransfusion device, which is capable of preventing an inadvertentinfusion of the drawn blood back into the human body.

With these objects in view, the invention resides broadly insimultaneously removing a waste fluid therefrom, said apparatuscomprising an infusion section including a container for said fluid tobe infused, first pump means, conduit means for connecting the containerto the first pump means and to the body, first means disposed in theconduit means for isolating the body from the container and from thefirst pump means during suction cycle of the first pump means, secondmeans disposed in the conduit means for isolating the container from thefirst pump means during the compression cycle of the first pump means, awaste fluid removing section including a container for the waste fluid,second pump means, further conduit means for connecting the waste fluidcontainer to the second pump means and to the body, third means disposedin the further conduit means for isolating the body rality of conduitsare connectedto a piston-type injection system, the conduits beingclosedor opened by a springloaded magnetic valves and lead to amultichannel catheter, to blood containers and to a waste container,respectively.

One end of the conduits is connected to the suction or respectivepressure chamber of the piston injection system. The transfusion deviceis driven by a drive mechanism which through an intermediate drivedrives preferably a pair of control rollers formed with curved drivingbodies thereon. The driving bodies are coupled to the piston rods of thepiston injectors. Each roller preferably controls contacts of anelectromagnet which in turn controls spring-loaded magnet valves, thelatter effecting opening and closing of the determined branches in theconduits. The safe operation of the devices is ensured by sensors orinterruptors provided with the pistons and the control rollers forexercising alternate control over the drive mechanisms and are coupledalso to optical and acoustical signal devices for warning the operatingpersonnel. The interruptors break the circuit when 'cloggings or otheroperational emergencies occur and also actuate the visible and audiblesignal devices. 1 Y

The invention will become more readily apparent from the followingdescription of a preferred embodiment thereof shown, by way of example,in the accompanying drawing, in which:

The single FIG. shows a diagrammatic view of the transfusion deviceaccording to the invention.

With reference to the single FlG., it is seen that a multichannelcatheter which is illustratively shown as including a pair of catheterbranches 12 and 12', is connected with its branch 12' to an infusionsection 1 whereas catheter branch 12 leads toa waste fluid section 2.The catheter branches l2 and 12'-are adapted to terminate in the body ofthe person undergoing the blood treatment. Infusion section 1 andwaste-fluid-rernoving the pump and in the vicinity of the bloodcontainer may be subdivided into suction branches llband compressionbranches 11a. In the illustrative embodiment a pair of arms are shown asoperating in opposite phase and being driven by a driving mechanismwhich includes a motor 23 to which variable gear 24 is coupled in orderto provide the motor with a range of speed. The variable drive, througha linkage 25, which is schematically shown, drives a control roller 3,which i is provided with a curved driving body 4 having an ascending anda descending guiding surface 5 disposedtherearound to form a cam wherebythe end portions of guiding pipes 6 of the respective piston rods serveas cam followers to be guided in slidable relationship therewith forreciprocal movement, The,

arrangement of the guiding surface or guiding projection is such that ithas an ascending and a descending semicircle around the control roller,similar to asingle-screw thread, the

pitch of which is equal to the stroke of the associated pistons.

movements of the respective piston. The control roller 3 has a .pair ofpistons preferably associated therewith as pointed out above, whichpistons are disposed so that they are a full stroke apart duringoperation, i.e. one piston is in its lowermost position during thesuction cycle, while the other is in its uppermost position on acompression cycle. The control roller 3 further carries a projection 22for purposes hereinafter described.

As pointed out above, one of the main purposes of the present inventionis to isolate the fresh blood sections during suction and compressioncycles from the waste blood sections. To effect this branches 11b whichare the suction branches from the container [3 of the respectivesections, include magnetic valves, 16a and 16b, 16d respectively,whereas compression branches 11a in association with each pump includemagnetic valves lfiband 16c. When drive roller 3 isin its position whichcauses pump 9 to be in its suction cycle as shown in the drawing,magnetic valve 160 is opened to provide a free path for the fresh bloodfrom the container to the suction side of the pump, while at the sametime magnet valve 16b is closed in order to prevent applying suction tothe catheter l2 entering the child's body. Opening of the magnetic valve16a and closing simultaneously of the magnetic valve 16b is effected bya pair of contacts 17a and by a solenoid 16a a pair of contacts l7b andan associated solenoid 16b, respectively. The pair of contacts actuatesthe solenoids in response to mechanical contact with the projection 22formed on drive roller 3, which projection 22 is arranged on the driveroller 3 in such a manner and is correlated with the operation of thepump in such a way, that each time a suction cycle is about to begin,valve 16a is opened by solenoid 16a, and simultaneously 16b .is closedby solenoid 16b. Since pump 9 is arranged parallel with the pump 9 andoperates therewith in a tandem fashion, a

similar projection 22 is arranged upon the drive roller opposite toprojection 22 to effectsimilar conditions in the operation of pump9'..In the illustrative embodiment, the solenoid valve is schematicallyillustrated as a-spring-loaded magnetic valve, in which the solenoids16a and 1612' are connected with their respective valves 16a and 16!) bymechanical connecting rods A and a, it is however understood'that themechanical connections can be replaced by a single unitin which the pairof contacts 17a and 17b operate a solenoid valve of any known type.

Turning now to the parallelly a rranged pump 9' of the infusion sectionI, it is seen that while pump 9 is in its suction cycle, pump 9' byvirtue of its instantaneous position on'thc'sliding body of the guidingprojection 5 will be 'iri -its-uppermost position, i.e. in itscompression cycl'e'l Duri'ng'the?dohipression cycle of pump 9, themagnet valve -TtScT'is-open, while the valve 16d, which is in thesuction 'c'h offthe=associated ed only -during tiie suction cycle ofpump 9. As will be'seeh fr oriithedrawin'g, pumps 9 and 9 operate intandem, i.e., wl iil nip 9 isi'n its suction position, pump 9' is in itsuppermos compression cycle.

of pumps for each section, i.e., a pair of pumps for the infusionsection and another pair of pumps for the removing sectionr-lt is to beunderstood, however, that any number-of pumps could be arranged or anynumber of loops could be formed within the infusion section as well aswithin the removingsection of i the device. Operation of the valves 16cand 16d is effected by associated pairs of contacts 17c and 17dactuating a solenoid 16d and 160', respectively, which operate in afashion'sin'i'ilar its operation is about .to turn, the projection 22and 22 will reverse the state of valves 16a, 16b, 16c and 16b.

The waste removal section 2 includesfsimilai'ly to the infusion section,a pair of pumps 9a and 9a which are similarly arranged in theloops ofcatheter l2'. ln this Ia'tte r arrangement the reference numeralscorrespond to those discussed above.

The operation of the double pump arrangement of the removing section 12will now be described. The single FIG. represents an instant of suchoperation','i. e. an instant in which pump 9a is in its compressionstre," and pump in its suction stroke, During the suctionofpumpf 9a' valve162Dwil] be closed and valve 16C will be openfThi's will result froniihe fact that projections 22g and 22a, are arranged'on the controlroller 3 in a similar fashion to that of the pjojections 22 and 22 oncontrol roller 3 and operate in'like r naririerJThus, when pump 9a is inits suction cycle andsick blood is sucked from the persons body. throughcatheter 12. intoithe pump 9a. As seen, pump 9a is then in itscompression cycle, during which valve 16A is open and valve 168 isclosed. Such closing and opening of the valves in the removing sectionisolates the waste blood container l4'from the pistons and from catheter12' during the suction cycle, whereas the catheter 12 is isolated fromthe pistons during the compression cycle, at which time however the pathto the waste containenis open. In order to insure safe operation of theblood exchange device, the piston rods are provided with sensors 26a26d,along with similar sensors 27a and 27b provided on the driven axis ofthe control rollers 3 and 3. The sensors include circuitbreaking deviceswhich under emergency conditions, such/as clogging in the conduits,interrupt the current to drive means 23. The sensors are preferablyplaced ina series loop 28 which controls througharelay coil 29 asignalloop 30,i n ...which a device for producing an audible signal and adevice 19 for producing a visible signal are connected whichfinstgization of coil 29 through loop 28 become actuated, The valves 16Aand 16D are operatedbycontacts 17A: -17B' through associatedelectromagnets w -1 6A' -;'1 6B', similarly as in the system describedin connectionwiththeinfusion section.

It is seen that'theinvention-provides a bloodrtransfusion or exchangedevice, in which continuous operationispossible without the necessity ofshutting down the deviceforeleaning purposes. The device as pointedoutabove..;is.providedwith separate loops for the fresh blood and forthe-rwaste blood- It is noted that .the illustrative embodiment showsonly apair the device in emergency conditions such as clogging of any ofthe conduits, and provides visual and audible signals for the operatingpersonnel about such conditions.

The device in accordance with the invention is also operable at variablerate of speed.

Although the invention has been described with reference to a specificembodiment thereof, it is not intended that the invention should belimited to such specific embodiments alone, but should be defined by thescope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for infusing a fluid into a human body while simultaneouslyremoving a waste fluid therefrom, said apparatus comprising a distinctinfusion section including a container for said fluid to be infused,first pump means comprising a pair of pumps cooperating in such a waythat one of said pair is operating in the suction cycle thereof whilethe other of said pair is operating in the compression cycle thereof,thereby causing a continuous flow of the pumped fluid, conduit means forconnecting said container directly to said first pump means andtherefrom directly to the body, first means disposed in said conduitmeans for isolating the body from each respective one of said pair ofpumps during the suction cycle thereof, second means disposed in saidconduit means for isolating said container from each respective one ofsaid pair of pumps during said compression cycle thereof, a distinctwaste-fluidrespective one of said pair of pumps during the compressioncycle thereof, fourth means disposed in said further conduit means forisolating the waste fluid container from each one of said pair of pumpsduring the suction cycle thereof, said pump means and said isolatingmeans in said infusion section cooperating with said pump means and saidisolating means in said waste-fluid-removing section to permit acontinuous flow of fluid into said human body and simultaneously acontinuous withdrawal of waste fluid therefrom, and drive means fordriving said first and said second pump means.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pumps are operable eachwith a piston, and also comprising coupling means coupling said drivemeans to respective pairs of said pumps.

1. Apparatus for infusing a fluid into a human body while simultaneouslyremoving a waste fluid therefrom, said apparatus comprising a distinctinfusion section including a container for said fluid to be infused,first pump means comprising a pair of pumps cooperating in such a waythat one of said pair is operating in the suction cycle thereof whilethe other of said pair is operating in the compression cycle thereof,thereby causing a continuous flow of the pumped fluid, conduit means forconnecting said container dIrectly to said first pump means andtherefrom directly to the body, first means disposed in said conduitmeans for isolating the body from each respective one of said pair ofpumps during the suction cycle thereof, second means disposed in saidconduit means for isolating said container from each respective one ofsaid pair of pumps during said compression cycle thereof, a distinctwaste-fluid-removing section including a container for said waste fluid,second pump means comprising a pair of pumps cooperating in such a waythat one of said pair is operating in the suction cycle thereof whilethe other of said pair is operating in the compression cycle thereofthereby causing a continuous flow of the pumped fluid, further conduitmeans for connecting said waste fluid container directly to said secondpump means and therefrom directly to the body, third means disposed insaid further conduit means for isolating the body from each respectiveone of said pair of pumps during the compression cycle thereof, fourthmeans disposed in said further conduit means for isolating the wastefluid container from each one of said pair of pumps during the suctioncycle thereof, said pump means and said isolating means in said infusionsection cooperating with said pump means and said isolating means insaid waste-fluid-removing section to permit a continuous flow of fluidinto said human body and simultaneously a continuous withdrawal of wastefluid therefrom, and drive means for driving said first and said secondpump means.
 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pumps areoperable each with a piston, and also comprising coupling means couplingsaid drive means to respective pairs of said pumps.